GerPS-Process
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GerPS-Process

Modified on: 2026-10-14
This version:
https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/5.1/
Previous version:
https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/5.0/
Revision:
5.1
Authors:
openDVA
Contributors:
Heinz Conti Zacherl
Jonas Hoyer
Leila Feddoul
Maximilian Enderling
Maximilian Raupach
Imported Ontologies:
prov-o#
Download serialization:
JSON-LD RDF/XML N-Triples TTL
License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Visualization:
Visualize with WebVowl
Cite as:
openDVA, GerPS-Process v5.1
Provenance of this page
Ontology Specification Draft

Abstract

Ontology used for transferring FIM(Federal Information Management)-information, specifically the processes involved in offering public services. To achieve this, it maps the XProzess-standard.

GerPS-Process: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Data Properties

Named Individuals

GerPS-Process: Description back to ToC

![Diagram](gop_diagram.svg) [IRI-Map](en-iri-table.md) [Competency-Questions](cq_results.md)

Cross-reference for GerPS-Process classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by GerPS-Process.

Classes

Activity groupc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000012

Activity groups are standardized types of tasks, with similar tasks being grouped together. They are further described by standardized attributes, with some attributes being specified.
has super-classes
Untyped activity group c

Actorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000001

A participant in a process who assumes a specific role.
has super-classes
Agent c, Agent c

attributec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000011

Property of a process, which specifies certain aspects of a process.
has sub-classes
decision model c
is in range of
has attribute op

Data fieldc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000008

Individual items in forms, used to store information.
has super-classes
Data Resource c, Evidence c

decision modelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000010

Specifies how a decision is made, i.e. using a formal decision model.
has super-classes
attribute c
has sub-classes
DMN c, RuleMap c

DMNc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000016

Specifies how a decision is made, i.e. a decision modeled using the Decision Modelling Notation.
has super-classes
decision model c

Documentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000002

Documents are exchanged between actors and are the subject of a process step.
has super-classes
Document Resource c, Evidence c
is in domain of
has submission deadline dp

Evidencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.europa.eu/m8g/Evidence

The Evidence class is defined in the Core Criterion and Core Evidence vocabulary (CCCEV) as any resource that can prove that a specific requirement is met.
has sub-classes
Data field c, Document c

Formal Organizationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/org#FormalOrganization

An Organization which is recognized in the world at large, in particular in legal jurisdictions, with associated rights and responsibilities
has members
Contributor ni

Legal basisc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000003

References to legislative texts.
has super-classes
Legal Resource c
is in range of
has legal basis op

Legal Entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/org#LegalEntity

A self-employed person, company, or organization that has legal rights and obligations.
has members
Result receiver ni

Processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000005

Administrative procedures that are carried out by in a fixed sequence under concrete specifications (e.g., legal and administrative regulations) and with the use of aids (e.g., forms).
has super-classes
Activity c, Process c, Rule c
is in domain of
has a BPMN file with digest dp, has administrative policy coding op, has cleaned BPMN file with digest dp, has level of detail op, has process step op, has processing deadline dp, implements service op
is in range of
belongs to process op

Process stepc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000006

Individual actions or activities that are performed as part of a process.
has super-classes
Activity c, Task c
is in domain of
has decision rule op, has decision type op, has formal check op, has implementation dp, has legal basis op, has participation form op, has participation obligation dp, has processing mode op, has specific description dp, has task type op, has tool dp, has transmission mode op, has written form function op, uses resource op
is in range of
belongs to process step op, has process step op

process taskc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000013

The goal that a process is tasked to achieve.

Public Organisationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.europa.eu/m8g/PublicOrganisation

An Organization that is defined as being part of the public sector by a legal framework at any level.
has members
Main actor ni

Public Servicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/cpsv#PublicService

A Public Service is a mandatory or discretionary set of activities performed, or able to be performed, by or on behalf of a public organisation, publicly funded and arise from public policy.
has sub-classes
Service c

Reference activity groupc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000007

Activity groups are standardized types of tasks, with similar tasks being grouped together. They are further described by standardized attributes, with some atributes being specified.
has super-classes
Untyped activity group c

Rulec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/cpsv#Rule

The Rule class represents a document that sets out the specific rules, guidelines or procedures that the Public Service follows.
has sub-classes
Process c

RuleMapc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000017

Specifies how a decision is made, i.e. a decision modeled using Rulemapping.
has super-classes
decision model c
is in range of
has decision rule op

Servicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000004

A service offered by public administration.
has super-classes
Public Service c
is in domain of
has LeiKa-ID dp
is in range of
implements service op

Standard activity groupc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000015

Activity groups are standardized types of tasks, with similar tasks being grouped together. They are further described by standardized attributes, with no atributes being specified.
has super-classes
Untyped activity group c
is in domain of
has task collection op

task collectionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000009

A collection of mutliple process steps.
is in domain of
belongs to process step op, has process task op
is in range of
has task collection op

Untyped activity groupc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000014

Activity groups are standardized types of tasks, with similar tasks being grouped together. They are further described by standardized attributes.
has sub-classes
Activity group c, Reference activity group c, Standard activity group c
is in domain of
belongs to process op, derived from op, has attribute op
is in range of
derived from op, has task type op

Object Properties

belongs to processop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000020

Links a activity group to a process.
has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
Untyped activity group c
has range
Process c

belongs to process stepop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000019

Links a task collection to a process step.
has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
task collection c
has range
Process step c

derived fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000018

Links a process step to a more abstract process step from which it was derived.
has domain
Untyped activity group c
has range
Untyped activity group c

has administrative policy codingop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000038

Indicates in which administrations a process can be applied (due to the legal basis used).
has domain
Process c
has range
urn de bund destatis bevoelkerungsstatistik schluessel bundesland c

has attributeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000031

Links a process step to an attribute that describes it in more detail.
has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
Untyped activity group c
has range
attribute c

has decision ruleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000046

Intended to link a process step to a RuleMap resource representing decision rules referenced via cross-document Verweis elements in spezifischeAttribute3, 4, or 5. The parser currently creates RuleMap resources but does not link them through this property.
has domain
Process step c
has range
RuleMap c

has decision typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000049

Links a process step (Referenzaktivitätengruppe Type 5: Sachverhalt entscheiden) to its entscheidungsart codelist individual. The entscheidungsart classifies how the decision is made.
has domain
Process step c

has formal checkop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000044

Links a process step (Referenzaktivitätengruppe Type 3: Sachverhalt formell prüfen) to its formellePruefung codelist individual. The formellePruefung classifies the type of formal check performed - e.g., checking completeness, deadline compliance, or local jurisdiction. Multiple checks may be present.
has domain
Process step c

has legal basisop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000021

Links a process step to its legal basis.
has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
Process step c
has range
Legal basis c

has level of detailop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000039

Links a process with its level of detail, which indicates what type of process it is according to the FIM methodology (e.g. master process, reference process).
has domain
Process c
has range
urn xoev de fim codeliste detaillierungsstufe c

has participation formop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000051

Links a process step (Referenzaktivitätengruppe Type 7: Beteiligung durchführen) to its beteiligungsform codelist individual. The beteiligungsform classifies the manner in which third-party participation occurs.
has domain
Process step c

has process stepop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000023

Links a process with an associated process step
has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
Process c
has range
Process step c

has process taskop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000033

Connects a task collection with its specific tasks.
has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
task collection c
has range
Task c

has processing modeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000042

Links a process step (Referenzaktivitätengruppe Type 6: Daten zum Sachverhalt bearbeiten) to its bearbeitungsart codelist individual. The bearbeitungsart classifies the kind of data processing - e.g., creating, updating, archiving, or deleting data within the process.
has domain
Process step c

has task collectionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000032

Links a standard activity group to a collection of process specific tasks.
has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
Standard activity group c
has range
task collection c

has task typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000025

Links a process step to the type of work it involves.
has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
Process step c
has range
Untyped activity group c

has transmission modeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000043

Links a process step to its uebermittlungsart (transmission mode) codelist individual. The uebermittlungsart specifies how information is transmitted in the process - e.g., electronically, by mail, by fax. The XProzess XSD defines separate XML elements for incoming and outgoing transmission modes, but the parser maps all of them to this single property. Consumers that need to distinguish direction must infer it from the Referenzaktivitätengruppen type context.
has domain
Process step c

has written form functionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000045

Links a process step to its schriftformfunktion (written form function) codelist individual. The schriftformfunktion classifies the function that the written form serves under administrative law. Appears in Type 3 (formal check) and Type 6 (data processing) activity groups.
has domain
Process step c

implements serviceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000041

Links a process to the service it implements.
has super-properties
top Object Property op
has domain
Process c
has range
Service c

uses resourceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000024

Links a process step with the resources used for it.
has super-properties
has resource op
has domain
Process step c
has range
Resource c

Data Properties

has a BPMN file with digestdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000034

The process is described in a BPMN file, which is not stored in the knowledge graph directly, but can be accessed using the associated digest. The digest is a hash value, created using e.g. MD5.
has domain
Process c
has range
string

has cleaned BPMN file with digestdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000040

The process is described in a cleaned BPMN file that preserves the aim and steps but fixes several minor and major issues that prevented parsing.
has domain
Process c
has range
string

has data field IDdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000028

Unique identifier for data fields.

has deadlinedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000029

Processing deadlines are tied to processes and define a period of time in which the execution of a process must be completed.
has super-properties
top Data Property dp
has sub-properties
has processing deadline dp, has submission deadline dp
has range
date Time

has implementationdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000047

Specifies the technology used to implement the business rule activity. Valid values per XProzess XSD are '##unspecified', '##WebService', or a URI identifying another technology or coordination protocol. Appears in activity group Types 3, 4, and 5.
has domain
Process step c
has range
string

has LeiKa-IDdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000030

The LeiKaID describes the unique identifier for administrative services defined by the service catalog.
has domain
Service c
has range
string

has participation obligationdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000050

Indicates whether a Mitwirkungspflicht (duty to cooperate) exists for the third parties involved in the participation (Type 7: Beteiligung durchführen).
has domain
Process step c
has range
boolean

has processing deadlinedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000027

Bearbeitungsfristen sind an Prozesse gebunden und geben den Zeitpunkt an, bis zu denen der Prozess abschließend bearbeitet sein muss.
has super-properties
has deadline dp
has domain
Process c
has range
date Time

has specific descriptiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000052

Free-text description of an activity group that cannot be assigned to any of the other reference activity group types (1-7). Used exclusively with Referenzaktivitätengruppe Type 8.
has domain
Process step c
has range
string

has submission deadlinedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000026

Submission deadlines are tied to documents and specify a time period in which a document must be submitted.
has super-properties
has deadline dp
has domain
Document c
has range
date Time

has tooldp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GPP_0000048

Free-text description of the Hilfsmittel (auxiliary means) used in the activity: checklists, rule sets, formulas, and decision rules supporting the substantive review (Type 4) or decision (Type 5).
has domain
Process step c
has range
string

Named Individuals

Contributorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GERPSE009

Contributors are external public authorities that are involved in the processing of public services.
belongs to
Formal Organization c
Role c
has facts
exact Match ap urn xoev de fim codeliste prozessrolle 20230301 3 ep

Main actorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GERPSE007

The main actor is the public authority responsible to offer a certain public service.
belongs to
Public Organisation c
Role c
has facts
exact Match ap urn xoev de fim codeliste prozessrolle 20230301 2 ep

Result receiverni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/gerps/ontology/process/GERPSE005

A result receiver is a person or company that benefits from the administrative service.
belongs to
Legal Entity c
Role c
has facts
exact Match ap urn xoev de fim codeliste prozessrolle 20230301 4 ep

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties
dp: Data Properties
ni: Named Individuals
ep: External Properties

Changes from last version

Object Properties

Added object properties

Data Properties

Added data properties

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.